This chapter explores the history of demographic, nutritional and epidemiological transitions as it relates to cardiac rehabilitation, that is, nutrition and physical activity, pharmacological and interventional management. The history of cardiac rehabilitation is explained during the prehistoric age and modern age. Life style, that is, physical activity and demography, determines the genetic competence of the human species to maintain cardiovascular health. The current interventional and noninterventional approaches to cardiac care has significantly decreased the mortality and increased morbidity. This has increased the socio economic burden of the society. It is in this context that underpins cardiac rehabilitation and prevention. The 21st century has thus seen cardiac rehabilitation as an integral part of cardiac management.