Blood cholesterol plays a crucial role in coronary artery disease (CAD)—the number killer of mankind in the 20th century. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular epidemic and cholesterol wars are discussed. The Father of atherosclerosis is Nicholai Anitschkow. The Lipid hypothesis proposes that, a high blood cholesterol level is a significant causative factor in atherogenesis and its clinical expression. Genetic evidence of high cholesterol producing heart attacks in children, familial hypercholesterolemia, Goldstein Brown and LDL receptor are explained. Cholesterol-year score and coronary atherosclerosis is described. LDL-C and lipoproteins, and oxidized LDL are explained. Low LDL is the body armor against atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein (A) is a dangerous genetic variant of LDL. Classification of lipoproteins is presented. Ancel Keys and international comparison of cholesterol levels are explained. Impact of dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol, and dietary intervention trials are discussed. There is dramatic reduction in blood cholesterol with intestinal bypass surgery. How to lower blood cholesterol is described. Blood cholesterol, stroke and statins are discussed.