The anatomical structures composing lens are described. Techniques of phacoemulsification ultrasound fragmentation like divide and conquer technique, Choo-choo Chop and Flip Technique, Phaco Chop Technique are discussed in detail. Various limitations of fragmentation done by ultrasound are described. History and advances of Laser lens fragmentation are explained. Schematic representation to differentiate femtosecond laser lens surgery and corneal surgery is given. Various technical requirements for laser-assisted fragmentation that include imaging system, treatment algorithm are discussed with the representative pictures. The results of various studies concentrating on the efficacy parameter, the amount of ultrasound energy needed for the nuclear disassembly after femtosecond laser lens fragmentation are discussed.