The corneal epithelium is the outermost layer of the cornea and forms a barrier between the environment and the stroma of the cornea. The corneal epithelium is nonkeratinized stratified squamous. The surface epithelium has numerous microvilli and microplicae and these cells secrete glycocalyx which helps in adhesion and stability of the tear film forming a smooth refractive surface on the cornea required for clear vision. Its function is to protect the cornea and the intraocular contents from exogenous infection induced by microbes. The chapter is well summarized with flowcharts and images which gives a clear idea about certain concepts like epithelial injury and wound healing, electrophysiology and ion transport, epithelial metabolism, the effect of contact lenses on corneal epithelial metabolism, Bowman’s membrane, corneal stroma, stromal wound healing, corneal transparency, Descemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium, corneal response to injury, corneal vasculature, corneal innervation and sensitivity, and corneal pharmacology.