The functional and structural integrity of the eye is protected by the ocular immune response. The immune response towards antigens is generally divided into the innate (natural) immune response and the adaptive (acquired) immune response. The role of the immune response is designed to be protective, but if there is an exuberant immune reaction, there can be associated tissue injury. Compared to other tissues in the body, the eye is more sensitive to the outcomes of injury and repair. The eye has a unique ocular immune response and it is important to understand about the major tissues and pathways of cell traffic involved in the ocular immune response. The chapter also discusses about the topics such as overview of immune response, cellular components of the immune response, soluble mediators or receptors of inflammation, cell-mediated immune response, humoral immune response, ocular immune response, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunology of corneal graft rejection, along with images.