The anterior surface of the eye is composed of the cornea and conjunctiva. The cornea is of utmost importance in vision, as it is the first part of the eye through which light passes. If the cornea integrity, shape and clarity are not maintained, light and images cannot reach the retina, optic nerve and visual cortex. It is one of the biodefense. The mechanical as well as chemical properties of the tear film serve to protect the eye and the host against external insults. Most medical and surgical treatments involving the cornea are aimed at maintaining optical clarity, altering the curvature or shape, or treating infections and their sequelae. Thus it is important to understand the morphology and pathological responses of the tissues of cornea and conjunctiva. The chapter discusses in detail about the morphology, pathologic responses and the specific diseases and treatments of the cornea and conjunctiva.