Scleral transplantation is commonly used in ophthalmic surgery and its main aim is to restore the functional and structural integrity to the globe and adnexal structures. Scleral transplantation techniques are used in scleral perforation repair, corneal surgery, glaucoma surgery, retinal surgery, oculoplastic surgery and dental surgery. Sclera is suitable for transplantation due to it high tensile strength permitting suture fixation and it evokes little inflammatory reaction with transplantation. Various substitutes used for scleral transplantation are amniotic membrane tissue, fascia lata, periosteum, pericardium, dura mater and other biologic material (allograft aorta, auricular cartilage) or synthetic material (polytetrafluoroethylene or GoreTex). Effective management of scleral disorders requires a thorough clinical evaluation with appropriate local and systemic medical therapy prior to and concurrent with tectonic sclera surgery.