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Chapter-05 Nutrition

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s Fundamentals of Pediatrics

Author
1. Mahadevan S
2. Nedunchelian K
ISBN
9789350903612
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11899_5
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
23
Author Affiliations
1. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, e-mail: smaha1232@rediffmail.com, Pembury Hospital, Kent, UK, JIPMER, Women and Children Hospital, Puducherry, India, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India, JIPMER, Pondichery, Royal Care Super Specialty Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Women and Children Hospital, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India, Sri Venkateswaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India, Women and Children Hospital, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
2. Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, Government Dharmapuri Medical College and Hospital, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Mehta Multispecialty Hospitals India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Multispecialty Hospitals India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Chapter keywords
carbohydrates, macrominerals, breast-feeding, lactalbumin, polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

This chapter discusses nutrition. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are considered as “major nutrients” or “macronutrients”. Vitamins and minerals are called “micronutrients.” Minerals, which are required in very small amounts, are called “trace elements.” Sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus are the examples of “macrominerals.” Water is also important. “Energy” is also considered when nutritional requirement is calculated. The alveolar cells secrete milk into alveoli. The milk production begins in pregnancy, mediated by prolactin (prolactin reflex). Exclusive breast-feeding implies giving newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk unless medically indicated. Proteins in human milk are easily digestible, rich in lactalbumin and lactoferrin and have little casein. Essential fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are seen in higher amount.

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