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Chapter-43 Hypomagnesemia

BOOK TITLE: IAP Textbook of Pediatric ICU Protocols

Author
1. Soans Santosh T
2. Alva Samith
ISBN
9789350903704
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11878_43
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
3
Author Affiliations
1. AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Mangalore, Karnataka, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, AJ Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, IAP—2018; AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, Chief Neonatal and Pediatric intensive Care Division, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru, Karnataka, President IAP 2018
2. AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords
Hypomagnesemia, Magnesium depletion, Serum magnesium level, Magnesium replacement, Intravenous magnesium, Parenteral magnesium therapy

Abstract

Hypomagnesemia is seen in nearly 44% of pediatric ICU admissions. It is reported within 5 days of pediatric cardiac operation (> 80% cases). Magnesium depletion results in hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. The chapter lists out the causes of hypomagnesemia. Common symptoms include increased sensitivity to digoxin, coronary spasm, hypertension and neuromuscular derangements. Principles in the treatment of hypomagnesemia include increasing serum magnesium level to more than 1 mg/dl, magnesium replacement in case of renal insufficiency and intravenous magnesium sulfate administration for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Neuromuscular depression, respiratory depression, malignant arrhythmias, and flushing and hypotension are some of the complications of parenteral magnesium therapy.

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