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Chapter-02 Distribution of Body Fluid

BOOK TITLE: Practical Applications of Intravenous Fluids in Surgical Patients

Author
1. Kamat Shaila Shodhan
ISBN
9789350903957
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11902_2
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
15
Author Affiliations
1. Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, Goa Medical College, Goa, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Total body water (TBW) is divided into intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid, according to the location relative to cell membranes. Extracellular fluid is further divided into intravascular and interstitial fluid. When interstitial pressure becomes positive, continued increase in extracellular fluid results in the expansion of only the interstitial fluid compartment. In this way, the interstitial compartment acts as an overflow reservoir for the intravascular compartment, and this can be seen clinically in the form of tissue oedema. The critical difference between osmolality and tonicity is that all solutes contribute to osmolality but only solutes that do not cross the cell membrane contribute to tonicity. Intracellular osmolality must always equal extracellular osmolality. What are the basic concepts of osmotic activity? The clinical significance of tonicity, the colloid osmotic pressure, the mechanisms by which the serum osmolality and tonicity are maintained, an illustrated explanation of distribution of the total body water have been handled in this chapter. The clinical importance of negative pressure in the interstitial space has also been detailed in this chapter. If deciding which fluid is to be administered for the different surgeries has been a little tricky until now, reading the subsequent chapters will make the choice crystal clear.

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