Malformation of the urethral groove or canal, inflammation of the prepuce and glans penis, cryptorchidism or undescended testis are common lesions of the male genitalia. Atrophy or regressive changes of testis, twisting of spermatic cord and testis, specific and nonspecific infections of the testis and seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of testis have been described covering the important aspects including diagnostic modalities and tumor markers. Prostatic diseases are very important for male including prostatitis, nodular hyperplasia and number one cancer in male-prostatic carcinoma. Therefore, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, staging and grading of prostatic carcinoma have been described in this chapter. Important tumor markers and enzymes for tumors of testis and prostate are also mentioned.