The short functional anatomy of ureters, urinary bladder and kidney are described. Their common congenital anomalies like double ureter, cysts, hypoplasia, agenesis and aplasia are mentioned. Inflammatory lesions like cystitis, nephritis-both acute and chronic and special types of bladder inflammation like malacoplakia, Hunters ulcer, etc. are mentioned. Etiopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, clinical syndromes associated with renal diseases, acute and chronic renal failure with their presentation, benign and malignant tumors of urinary bladder and kidney specially etiopathogeneis of transitional cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Wilms tumor, their clinical presentations laboratory diagnosis, staging and grading are described. Hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux diseases, analgesic nephropathy are also mentioned.