Short anatomy, functions and types of bone are first described. This is followed by short description of common bony lesions. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pyogenic and nongonococcal arthritis, their etiopathology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, complications are mentioned here. The most common malignant lesion of bone osteosarcoma, other variants like chondrosarcoma, common types of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors including fibroma, lipoma, leiomyoa, rhabdomyoma and their malignant counterpart liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma with their risk factors, etiopathology, common sites of involvement, diagnostic modalities, complications, gross and microscopic features are mentioned also. Inflammatory lesions of bone-osteomyelitis both acute and chronic, tuberculous osteomyelitis, gross and microscopic features, complications, etiology and laboratory diagnosis are also mentioned briefly.