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Chapter-40 Aortic Stenosis

BOOK TITLE: Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography (2 Volumes)

Author
1. Woods Timothy D
2. Patel Ashvin K
3. Subramanian Sharath
ISBN
9789350906347
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11889_40
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2014
Pages
23
Author Affiliations
1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
2. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
3. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Chapter keywords
Aortic stenosis, Aortic valve, Aortic root, Aortic sclerosis, Rheumatic valvular heart disease, M-mode echocardiography, 2D echocardiography, 3D echocardiography, Aortic measurements, Coexistent subvalvular stenosis, Doppler examination, Transaortic pressure, Stenosis severity, Pressure recovery, Stress echo, Left ventricular

Abstract

This chapter provides detail description of aortic stenosis. Normal aortic valve anatomy, etiology of aortic stenosis, echocardiography in aortic stenosis, aortic valve Doppler examination, use of stress echo and strain in evaluation of aortic stenosis, indications and appropriateness for echocardiography in aortic valve stenosis, aortic root, bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic valvular heart disease, M-mode echocardiography, aortic sclerosis, two-dimensional echocardiography, three-dimensional echocardiography, aortic measurements, aortic stenosis with coexistent subvalvular stenosis, appropriate examination, mean and peak gradients, valve area measurement using the continuity equation, definition of stenosis severity, pitfalls in the estimation of aortic stenosis severity by echocardiography, technical errors, methodological limitations, low-gradient, low stroke volume, pressure recovery, asymptomatic patients with normal left ventricular function, patients with severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients are described in detail. The chapter has 11 well illustrated diagrams and images. Six tables are included to highlight valvular, subvalvular, and supravalvular forms of left ventricular outflow obstruction, aortic valve stenosis severity, and aortic valve disease. 70 references are included at the end of the chapter to facilitate further reading.

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