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Chapter-49 Echocardiographic Assessment of Prosthetic Valves

BOOK TITLE: Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography (2 Volumes)

Author
1. Varadarajan Padmini
2. Pai Ramdas G
3. Bharadwaj Aditya
4. Swamy Pooja
5. Foster Gary P
ISBN
9789350906347
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11889_49
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2014
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Loma Linda University and VA Medical Centers, Loma Linda, California, USA, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
2. Loma Linda University, Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA, UC Riverside School of Medicine, St Bernardine Medical Center, California, USA; University of California Riverside and Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California, USA, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
3. Loma Linda University and VA Medical Centers, Loma Linda, California, USA
4. Loma Linda University and VA, Medical Centers, Loma Linda, California, USA, Loma Linda University and VA Medical Centers, Loma Linda, California, USA
5. Loma Linda University and VA Medical Centers, Loma Linda, California, USA
Chapter keywords
Echocardiographic assessment, Prosthetic valves, Biological valves, Bioprosthetic valves, Mechanical valves, Regurgitation, Endocarditis, Obstruction, Cinefluoroscopy, Cardiac catheterization, Cardiac MRI, Cardiac CT, Prosthesis patient mismatch (PPM)

Abstract

This chapter provides detail description of echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valves. Assessment of prosthetic valves, although one of the earliest applications of echocardiography, remains challenging, both to perform and interpret. The challenges posed by prosthetic valves are many. Just by mere virtue of their design, almost all prosthetic valves are obstructive compared with normal native valves. This often makes it difficult to differentiate obstructive hemodynamics due to valve design from those of mild obstruction observed with pathological changes and from prosthesispatient mismatch (PPM). Most prosthetic valves are also associated with trivial or mild regurgitation, whose pattern and severity depends on the design of the replacement valve. This chapter reviews briefly different types of prosthetic valves, their echocardiographic features, and features of their dysfunction. The chapter has 26 well illustrated diagrams and images. Six tables are included to highlight mechanical and prosthetic valves.

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