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Chapter-18 Hypertensive Emergency

BOOK TITLE: Critical Care

Author
1. Mehta Yatin
2. Gupta Mukesh Kumar
ISBN
9789351522133
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12670_19
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. ISCCM; Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta–The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Institute of Critical Care Anesthesiology, Medanta —The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, NBE; ISCCM; Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology; Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta–The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, The Simulation Society (TSS); Medanta—The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Medanta – The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
2. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Advanced Pediatric Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 3309, Sector 15-D, Chandigarh 160015
Chapter keywords
Hypertensive emergency, systemic hypertension, accelerated hypertension, malignant hypertension, hypertensive urgency, hydralazine, cerebrovascular accident, aortic dissection, sympathetic crisis

Abstract

This chapter discusses about the hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergency represents a serious medical condition with the potential for permanent end-organ damage, and significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic hypertension is a common medical condition affecting 1 billion population worldwide. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP greater than 90 mm Hg. Essential hypertension (primary) and secondary hypertension are two categories of BP. Accelerated hypertension, malignant hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency are the various types of hypertension. Mechanical stress and injury, endothelial damage, renin-angiotensin system activation and oxidative stress are the pathophysiology of hypertensive emergency. Cerebrovascular accident, aortic dissection, preeclampsia and eclampsia, sympathetic crisis, myocardial ischemia, acute heart failure and acute postoperative hypertension are the special conditions of hypertensive emergency. Treatment of hypertensive emergency and pharmacologic agents for treatment of hypertensive emergency are also discussed in this chapter.

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