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Chapter-02 Evolution of the Human Nasal Respiratory Tract: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

BOOK TITLE: Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery (Rhinology/Allergy and Immunology) -Volume 2

Author
1. Laitman Jeffrey T
2. Márquez Samuel
3. Pagano Anthony S
4. Lawson William
ISBN
9789351524564
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12714_3
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
28
Author Affiliations
1. Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2. SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
3. Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
4. Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
Chapter keywords
human nasal respiratory tract, splanchnocranium, mandible, frontal bone, parietal bones, nasopharyngeal space sensu stricto, macrosmatic mammalian species, olfactory epithelium, nasal cavity, cranial functional units, platyrrhines, catarrhines, mucosal layer, Osteological changes, respiratory mucosa

Abstract

This chapter discusses evolution of the human nasal respiratory tract, where the splanchnocranium, mandible, frontal bone, and parietal bones were all derived from neural crest cells. Among most reptiles, as in the amphibians, there is no nasopharyngeal space sensu stricto. A major feature distinguishing macrosmatic mammalian species is the percentage of the nasal airway that is covered by olfactory epithelium. The nasal cavity may also be seen as one of several cranial functional units, which may exhibit integration with other such units. Differences between the platyrrhines and catarrhines may also be found in the internal nasal cavity. The warmth of the venous blood is transmitted through the mucosal layer to the inspiratory airflow. Osteological changes of the nasal region may reflect an adaptation that serves as a protective mechanism for the respiratory mucosa.

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