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Chapter-13 Brow Lift

BOOK TITLE: Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery (Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) - Volume 3

Author
1. Quatela Vito C
2. Antunes Marcelo B
ISBN
9789351524595
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12699_14
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
24
Author Affiliations
1. Quatela Center for Plastic Surgery, Lindsay House, Rochester, New York, USA, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
2. Quatela Center for Plastic Surgery, Lindsay House, Rochester, New York, USA, Austin, Texas, USA
Chapter keywords
brow lift, eyebrows, brow-lifting surgery, sharp aesthetic eye, forehead skin, acronym scalp, subcutaneous tissue, galea aponeurotica, loose connective tissue, pericranium, brow elevators, brow depressors, frontalis muscle, cranium, superficial temporal fascia, temporoparietal fascia, TPF, zygomatic arch

Abstract

This chapter discusses brow lift, where eyebrows can express a wide variety of emotions such as surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust or joy, even when the rest of the face is relatively neutral. To achieve a successful outcome in brow-lifting surgery, the surgeon needs to have not only a thorough understanding of the anatomy but also a sharp aesthetic eye for the ideal brow position and shape. The forehead skin is composed of five layers that are often referred as the acronym scalp, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue, galea aponeurotica, loose connective tissue, and pericranium. There are five muscles in the upper third of the face that are divided into brow elevators and brow depressors. The frontalis muscle is the only brow elevator. The galea aponeurotica covers the upper part of the cranium. The galea continues as the superficial temporal fascia or temporoparietal fascia (TPF). The superficial layer attaches in the lateral aspect of the zygomatic arch, whereas the deep layer attaches in the medial aspect. The facial nerve supplies all the muscles of facial expression.

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