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Chapter-56 Pediatric Facial Trauma

BOOK TITLE: Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery (Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) - Volume 3

Author
1. Funamura Jamie L
2. Tollefson Travis T
ISBN
9789351524595
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12699_57
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
2. University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
Chapter keywords
pediatric facial trauma, high-impact injuries, sports-related injuries, pediatric facial skeleton, craniofacial structures, airway edema, midface, zygomaticomaxillary complex, nasal bones, naso-orbito-ethmoid, LeFort fractures

Abstract

This chapter discusses pediatric facial trauma, where high-impact injuries from motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of pediatric facial fractures. Other causes include interpersonal violence, falls, and sports-related injuries. The pediatric facial skeleton is less vulnerable to injury than that of the adult due to a number of characteristics. As the craniofacial structures undergo developmental changes during childhood, the incidence and pattern of traumatic injuries also changes. A primary survey assessing airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure is warranted with special consideration given to the high surface-to-volume ratio, metabolic rate, low total blood volume, sensitivity to airway edema, and high oxygen requirements that can lead to rapid decompensation in pediatric patients. Traumatic injuries to the bones of the midface include fractures of the orbits, zygomaticomaxillary complex, and nasal bones, as well as naso-orbito-ethmoid and LeFort fractures.

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