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Chapter-131 Pulmonary Embolism Management Strategies 2014

BOOK TITLE: CSI: Cardiology Update 2014

Author
1. Venugopal K
2. Vupputuri Anjith
ISBN
9789351526186
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12415_132
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2015
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords
Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, RV, CTEPH, pulmonary embolism severity index, D-dimer assay, echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, Thrombolysis

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism is a relatively common and potentially lethal acute cardiovascular condition with variable presentation. The incidence of PE is present at greater extent in general population with major risk factors like advancing age, arterial disease, personal or family history of VTE, recent surgery, trauma, stroke, congestive heart failure, acute infection, pregnancy, oral contraceptive pills etc. The severity of PE is determined primarily by its hemodynamic impact and diagnose in patients who present with acute onset or worsening dyspnea, chest pain, sustained hypotension etc. The clinical presentation of PE depends on the classification system and it is done by Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index Score and Diagnostic Tests. Diagnostic tests such as D-dimer assay, electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance angiography, cardiac biomarkers etc., are used. The major goal in the treatment of acute PE is to restore adequate blood flow with the help of anticoagulation therapy, thrombolytic therapy, thrombolytic therapy and surgical embolectomy. Recently several drugs such as dabigatran, apixaban and rivaroxaban have developed and prove effective in treatment of DVT.

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