Stem cells are the basic building blocks of life. They are found in the body’s organs, tissues, blood and immune system, and have the ability to regenerate into additional stem cells or differentiate into specialized cells, such as nerve or blood cells. Stem cell bank has all types of stem cells i.e. cord blood, adult and embryonic resolves the issue of obtaining standardized cells and reproducibility of results in basic research and in its therapeutic applications. UCB has emerged as alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for allogeneic transplantation used to treat a variety of oncologic, genetic, hematologic and immunodeficiency disorders when a human leukocyte antigen matched adult donor is not available. Reliance Life Sciences established the first public bank ReliCord in 2002. There are seven private banks have been established to date in India. Umbilical cord blood transplantation used in constitutional hematological disorders and for metabolic disorders. India has great potential for UCB banking due to a high birth rate and genetic diversity.