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Chapter-035 Lifestyle and Coronary Artery Disease

BOOK TITLE: CSI: Cardiology Update 2014

Author
1. Manchanda SC
2. Madan Kushal
ISBN
9789351526186
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12415_36
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2015
Pages
5
Author Affiliations
1. Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, Dharma Vira Heart Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
2. Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Dharma Vira Heart Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Dharma Vira Heart Centre, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Coronary artery disease, CAD, cardioprotective, cardiovascular, CVD, tobacco, stress, psychosocial stress, depression, saturated fats, trans fatty acids, cholesterol, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, Lifestyle and Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Changes in lifestyle have resulted in an increase in lifestyle-related diseases like including coronary artery disease (CAD). Diet, physical exercise, psychosocial stress and tobacco use have been shown to be strongly related to CAD. Dietary components shown to be associated with CAD include saturated fats, trans fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, sugar, sweetened and energy drinks; cardioprotective components include monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fruits, vegetables, dietary fibre and whole grain. A vegetarian diet has been shown to decrease mortality while consumption of red meat has been shown to increase it. Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for mortality, with an inverse association demonstrated between job-related activity and CAD risk in several studies. Regular aerobic physical activity has been shown to result in significant cardiovascular risk reduction. Tobacco use is a leading risk factor and accounts for 61% of deaths due to CVD. Smoking as well as exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Among various components of psychosocial stress associated with CAD, depression is the most significant. Lifestyle modifications are a simple and cost-effective method for preventing CAD; yoga shows potential in this respect, especially in stress management.

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