Today, obesity is one of the most common but yet neglected public health problems in both developing and developed countries. Various measures of obesity used to define overweight and obesity include body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio. India is the second most populous country in the world that comprises approximately 17% of the world’s population. Indians have high levels of abdominal obesity even when they are not considered overweight and obese by conventional BMI criteria. The imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended, i.e. energy imbalance is the basic cause of obesity and overweight. The ways and means to reduce overweight and obesity are described well in this chapter. To conclude, measures and policies at the level of both the government and society are vital to promote healthier food consumption patterns and facilitate a physically active life that will result in healthier living behavior and reduction in overall prevalence of overweight and obesity and its health consequences.