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Chapter-26 Abdomen

BOOK TITLE: Clinical Surgery: A Text and Atlas

Author
1. Kumar Sunesh
2. Agarwala Sandeep
3. Kumar Manoj
4. Chumber Sunil
5. Thomas Shaji
6. Saraya Anoop
7. Seth Amlesh
8. Ansari MS
9. Agarwal Nitin
10. Dash Nihar Ranjan
ISBN
9789351526797
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12698_27
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
104
Author Affiliations
1. AIIMS, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Lady Hardinge Medical College, and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
5. Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
6. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
7. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India
8. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
9. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, drnitinagarwal@yahoo.com, University College of Medical Sciences, Shahdara, Delhi, India, LHMC and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital and University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ABVIMS and RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
10. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
laparoscopy, peritonitis, enteric perforation, duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, amebic liver abscess, nephroureterolithiasis, adnexal torsion, mesenteric lymphadenitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia

Abstract

This chapter describes the abdominal parts in brief, gives an overview of the abdominal diseases and the procedure for correct diagnosis of the ailments through various tests and physiological signs and symptoms. In acute appendicitis, the initial pain is dull and poorly localized pain due to distension of the appendix and is perceived in the periumbilical region. This subsequently shifts to become a more continuous, sharp pain localized to the right iliac fossa owing to the inflammation of the parietal peritoneum over the appendix. Careful physical examination of the patient with abdominal pain is of crucial importance. When a lump or tumor is felt, it should be thoroughly examined to ascertain its origin and whether it is the cause of acute abdomen. Sudden increase in size of an intra-abdominal tumor is often due to hemorrhage. Upper gastrointestinal and follow-through barium studies are contraindicated in acute abdomen. Rarely, in recurrent abdominal pain associated with bilious vomiting and clinical features of duodenal or gastric outlet obstruction, barium upper gastrointestinal study may clinch the diagnosis by revealing malrotation or an intrinsic duodenal obstruction.

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