This chapter discusses the establishment of a doctor-patient relationship and its fundamental basis. The practice of medicine establishes a special relationship between the doctor and patient based on trust, keeping in mind the inequality of knowledge between doctor and patient, and the vulnerability of the patient in times of ill health. In anesthetized patients or those undergoing intensive care, treating clinician must act for the patient, must take decisions, which will affect patient’s life, comfort and the degree to which he may be able to function in future. The chapter briefly discusses the ethical and unethical practices associated with the medical profession. Negligence takes place where a doctor fails to take proper patient care and damage may result. Medical litigation often occurs in well-recognized circumstances. Some methods to avoid/reduce medical litigation are: teaching of clinical ethics, review of mistakes and proper doctor-patient communication.