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Chapter-21 Learning Disabilities

BOOK TITLE: IAP Management Algorithms for Common Pediatric Illnesses

Author
1. Unni Jeeson C
ISBN
9789352501977
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12810_22
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2016
Pages
6
Author Affiliations
1. Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, Cochin, Kerala, India, Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, TD Road, Kochi, e-mail: jeeson@vsnl.com, Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, Kochi, Kerala, IAP Poor Scholastic Performance Program 2007/2011; Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, Cochin, Kerala, India, Indian Academy of Pediatrics; Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, Cochin, Kerala, India, Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, Kochi, Kerala, India, Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home TD Road, Kochi, Kerala 50/1459, South Girinagar, Kochi, Kerala 682020, Dr Kunhalu’s Nursing Home, TD Road, Kochi, Kerala, 50/1459, South Girinagar, Kochi, Kerala, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India; IAP Drug Formulary, Aster Medcity, Cheranelloor, Kochi, Kerala, India, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala; IAP Drug Formulary
Chapter keywords
learning disabilities, dyslexia, specific learning disability, learning disorder, communication skill, neurodevelopmental disorders, phonological coding characteristic, dyslexic readers, anxiety disorders, Tourette\'s syndrome, language development

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of some learning disabilities such as dyslexia and specific learning disability. Of most importance is a good history of a child\'s speech and language development. Language being the basis for learning and any delay in speech and poor language skills are key indicators of academic difficulties sometime in the child\'s academic lifespan. Never ever make the mistake of reassuring parents of children with speech delay by saying \"it\'s a family trait\" or \"do not worry the child will eventually start speaking\". Other \"warning signs\" of specific learning disorder include: easily distracted, forgets directions, difficulty concentrating on one activity long enough to produce satisfying results, poor communication skill, moves about constantly and talk rapidly and frequently, confuses words, trouble remembering words, may omit words. Early identification of learning disorder (LD) is of utmost importance as far as future educational prospect of the affected child is concerned. The early symptoms may be in the form of unusual behavior or lag in skill development in various domains. It is unfortunately a common scenario in the lives of children with scholastic backwardness. It is extremely difficult to manage as it is not easy to bring about a behavioral, skill and mental attitudinal change in a family and enough to inculcate good study habits. Data from various sources associate a number of neurodevelopmental disorders with specific learning disability. Some of them are: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders like oppositional defiant disorder and school phobia, Tic disorders and Tourette\'s syndrome, developmental-linguistic and motor coordination disorder, depression. More severe SLD diagnosed in childhood continue to demonstrate deficits in phonological coding characteristic of dyslexic readers.

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