The objective of this chapter is to discuss transthoracic echocardiography. Echocardiography is a diagnostic modality that utilizes ultrasound waves to image the heart. A transthoracic echocardiogram is a valuable tool to detect various cardiac pathologies of clinical significance. Transthoracic echocardiogram plays a unique role in diagnosing and characterizing the high-risk cardiac pathologies such as rheumatic valvular disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and impaired left ventricular function. The optimal interpretation of the transthoracic echocardiographic images can answer specific management questions relevant to the treating physician. A number of studies have assessed the role of Doppler echocardiography in hemodynamic monitoring in the heart failure population. The ability of the Doppler echocardiography to provide additional valuable information, such as cardiac function and the presence of pericardial and pleural effusions, can play a significant role in the patients\' hemodynamic status evaluation.