This chapter discusses the different approaches and applications that regenerative medicine is currently developing in order to offer a solution to infertile patients aiming to have genetically matched children. The study of germ cells is critical for our society not only because of their potential use in human reproduction but because they have the extremely important task of transmitting genetic and epigenetic information to the next generation. All the advances represent significant improvements to our current knowledge of germ cell biology. Those may have important implications in reproductive medicine from the point of view of the future clinical use of the in vitro obtained gametes, but also for the information that they provide about germ cell biology for the design of new strategies to offer to infertile patients. Ultimately, with the proper ethical precautions, the combination of the study of germ cells with the new molecular techniques of gene editing can even be the next scientific landmark for the eradication of genetic diseases, as demonstrated by some preliminary reports.