This chapter discusses assessment of patients with peripheral vascular disease. This chapter covers the examination and treatment of peripheral vascular disease, special tests in peripheral vascular disorders, investigations, physical therapy findings in vascular disorders, and outcome measurements in peripheral vascular disease. The examination is the initial component in the management of the patient and includes patient history, review of systems and data collection using specific tests, and measures. A thorough examination of a patient with the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) can differentiate arterial disorders from venous disorders. Two tests that differentiate between arterial and venous disorders are venous filling time and rubor of dependency. The rubor of dependency test can provide information concerning the state of both the arterial and venous systems. The test is performed in similar fashion to the venous filling test.