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Chapter-21 Essentials of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

BOOK TITLE: Recent Advances in Pediatrics—25: Hot Topics

Author
1. Mishra Sudhir
2. Ranjan Ramani
3. Tiwari Satish
ISBN
9789352701087
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14201_22
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
22
Author Affiliations
1. Tata Main Hospital; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Tata Main Hospital and MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Tata Main Hospital and Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
2. Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. Medical College, Amravati, India, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sevagram, Maharashtra, India, Indian Medicolegal and Ethics Association; Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, Amravati Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial, Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, Dr PDM Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Chapter keywords
Life support systems, Neonatal transport, Neonatal deaths, NICU care, Quality assurance, Special care newborns units.

Abstract

In last few years there has been a marked increased in number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and special care newborn units (SCNUs) in India. The question then arises whether NICUs have a role in developing countries like ours. Though improved Level I and II care can bring down the mortality rates, simultaneous availability of good Level III care units are needed. A minimum clear floor area, the ventilation system for each delivery and resuscitation room shall be designed to control the ambient temperature. The number of kangaroo mother care (KMC) beds should be 25% of the NICU beds. Administrative space shall be provided in the NICU for activities directly related to infant care, family support, or other activities routinely performed within the NICU. Cerebral function monitoring extremely low birth weight (EEG), in house 24/7 ECHO machine and incubators in NICU for care of ELBW babies are essential requirements for high end functioning NICU. A committed breastfeeding policy should be followed. Health care associated infections in the NICU result in increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged lengths of stay, and increased medical costs. Nurses and doctors in neonatal intensive care should be able to demonstrate continuing professional development in the speciality by attendance at local meetings, suitable training courses and national meetings.

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