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Chapter-12 Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Clinical Periodontology and Periodontics

Author
ISBN
9789352701117
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18042_13
Edition
5/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
6
Author Affiliations
Chapter keywords
Periodontal disease, gingivitis, periodontitis, junctional epithelium, bacterial invasion, exotoxins, cell constituent, enzyme, cytokine

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to focus on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Gingivitis and periodontitis are caused by bacteria that colonize the gingival crevice and attach to the tooth surface. The pathogenic potential of the bacteria within the plaque varies from gingiva, site to site. Small amounts of plaque can be tolerated without causing periodontal disease, may be because of the host defense. This chapter covers the junctional epithelium, role of bacterial invasion, role of exotoxins, role of cell constituents, role of enzymes, host derived bone-resorbing agents, and role of cytokines. Junctional epithelium is the tissue most directly challenged by the pathogenic plaque bacteria. The microbial mass releases large quantities of metabolites like butyric acid and propionic acids, which are toxic to periodontal tissues.

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