Torture in the custody is seen all over the world, in one or in other way, and India is not an exception. The cases of torture in custody of the police or the defense organizations is usually to get the confessions or to extract the truth, or in some cases the desired truth from the person, sometimes resulting in death of the person in the custody. The number of such case is on the rise, though there is strict vigil with different guidelines from time to time by the different human right organization including the National Human Right Commission (NHRC) of India. The role of forensic pathologist becomes very much important in such cases. Most cases are decided on the basis of the autopsy findings alone due to lack of any witness in such cases, particularly when death occurs in the custody of the police or other security agencies. The autopsy findings alone can establish or nullify any allegation in such cases. NHRC guidelines and autopsy in cases of torture, as well as death in custody are also discussed in this chapter.