This chapter mainly focuses on the controversies in forensic tests, investigations and expertise. There are several forensic tests/investigations being carried out routinely across India including specimens recovered from crime scenes and samples handed over by the doctor. It is unfortunate that there are several controversies in proper interpretation of these results, with fingers pointed towards infrastructure issues, bias in interpretation of results, no modernization of testing machines, inexperience and shortage of human resources, and no standardization or no accreditation of these laboratories. Current scenario, emerging issues, and hard facts are also provided in this chapter. Four case studies are also discussed in this chapter, which are helpful for students or readers.