This chapter mainly focuses on the various developments in oocyte cryopreservation (OC), as well as legal and ethical issues pertaining to this technique, and how this may affect reproductive practices and choices. Since the first live birth from oocyte cryopreservation (OC) three decades ago, it has become an important component of assisted reproductive technology. OC is currently an established method for fertility preservation for patients undergoing chemotherapy or other gonadotoxic therapies. With the improvements in pregnancy rates due to vitrification techniques, elective OC is certain to play a much larger role in reproductive medicine over the coming decades. For some females, it may be an appealing option who wishes to defer childbearing until later in life; for others it is an unnecessarily risky procedure which may compromise their ethical or religious beliefs. A detailed discussion on the female’s fertility cycle, ideal age and reported age of elective OC, and procedure has been provided in this chapter.