The chapter overviews the concept of Local Anaesthetics (LA). They block nerve conduction by reversibly binding with the sodium channels in the nerve membrane. This chapter covers uses of LA, structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action, properties of LA, pharmacokinetics, cocaine, prilocaine, benzocaine and butyl aminobenzoate, oxethazaine, dibucaine (cinchocaine), test dose, and levobupivacaine, adjuvants, Local Anaesthetics Systemic Toxicity (LAST), allergies due to LA, and local tissue toxicity of LA. Anaesthesia can be used for surgical anaesthesia (via topical, infiltration, neuraxial, intravenous, regional nerve block); for analgesia (chronic pain, labour, intraoperative, postoperative period); and for some specific uses like lidocaine for ventricular arrthyhmias, blunting hemodynamic response to airway manipulation, etc.