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Chapter-02 Infectious Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Manual of Clinical and Practical Medicine

Author
1. Sainani GS
2. Sainani Rajesh G
ISBN
9789352701278
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18069_3
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
28
Author Affiliations
1. Grant Medical College and J.J.Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai; Armed Forces (for life); Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, USA; 10 Other Foreign Universities & Several Indian Universities, CSI, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; National CSI, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Grant Medical College & JJ Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Emeritus International Advisor, Royal College of Physicians, London; Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, USA, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center; Grant Medical College and JJ Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2. Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Jaslok Hospital, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai; GI Physiology & Motility Laboratory, Digestive Diseases and Endoscopy Centre, Motiben Dalvi Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Chapter keywords
Infectious disease diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, mumps, malaria, brucellosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, HIV, AIDS

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to focus on the infectious diseases. Infectious diseases include diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (pertussis), mumps, malaria, enteric fever (typhoid, paratyphoid), brucellosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, leptospirosis fever, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), herpes zoster, leprosy (Hansen’s disease), Kala-Azar (visceral leishmaniasis), and filariasis. Diphtheria is caused by gram-positive Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Infection spreads with either direct contact with lesion or through droplets. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetanus producing powerful neurotoxin-tetanospasmin. Patient presents with increased muscle tone and spasm. Tuberculosis is a systemic disease, which involves practically all organs and tissues of the body. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common manifestation. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The route of entry is inhalation or ingestion.

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