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Chapter-09 Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Including Diabetes Mellitus

BOOK TITLE: Manual of Clinical and Practical Medicine

Author
1. Sainani GS
2. Sainani Rajesh G
ISBN
9789352701278
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18069_10
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
51
Author Affiliations
1. Grant Medical College and J.J.Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai; Armed Forces (for life); Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, USA; 10 Other Foreign Universities & Several Indian Universities, CSI, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; National CSI, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Grant Medical College & JJ Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Emeritus International Advisor, Royal College of Physicians, London; Chicago Medical School and Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, USA, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center; Grant Medical College and JJ Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2. Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Jaslok Hospital, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai; GI Physiology & Motility Laboratory, Digestive Diseases and Endoscopy Centre, Motiben Dalvi Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Chapter keywords
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, clinical presentation, general examination, craniopharyngioma, pseudohypoparathyroidism, Nelson’s syndrome, Conn’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Abstract

This chapter covers the important endocrine glands following as pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, and pancreatic islet cells. Hormones secreted by these endocrine glands are responsible for growth and development of body, control of protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, control of water, electrolyte and mineral metabolism, development of sex organs, secondary sex characters and control of reproductive function, helping body to face and adapt to stressful situations. Among the endocrine glands, pituitary gland is the master gland as it secretes trophic hormones—growth hormone (GH), thyrotropic-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Diseases of endocrine glands may remain undiagnosed for a variable period of months or years. The most common endocrine disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) which may be undiagnosed till the patient is in prediabetic stage or stage of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This chapter covers the clinical presentation, general examination, craniopharyngioma, parathyroid, pseudohypoparathyroidism, Nelson’s syndrome, Conn’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

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