This chapter aims to present some short notes on surgical anatomy for the postgraduate students. Mutations are permanent changes in the genomic sequence. Substances causing mutation are called mutagens. Y chromosome is short and it is inherited from the father to the male offspring. It contains very few genes. Terminal part of ulnar and radial artery form palmar arterial arches by anastomosis. Mature cartilage cells form the matrix and secret alkaline phosphatase. This leads to calcification and calcination leads to death of cartilage cells due to lack of nutrition. Blood supply of breast, point mutation, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Renshaw cells, coronary circulation, immunohistochemistry, superior colliculus and its connections, submandibular salivary gland, causes of congenital deafness, role of soft palate in swallowing and phonation, reticular formation of brainstem, blood circulation of brain, etc. are some other topics which are covered in this chapter.