Childhood psychiatric disorders are not easily diagnosed due to the less cognitive and verbal skills in them, and due to lack of knowledge about it. Neuropsychiatric disorders in infancy, childhood and in adolescence may persist to adulthood. Early detection of problems helps to treat this in childhood itself. Behavior modification, cognitive behavior therapy, play therapy and family therapy can bring out good results in childhood, if they are identified early. Many psychiatric problems in children are manifested as developmental delay, emotional symptoms, conduct problems and impairment in socialization and relationships. Common childhood and adolescent disorders classified that are explained are mental retardation, disorders of psychological development, and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence. Disorders of psychological development are further classified as specific developmental disorders of speech and language, specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, specific developmental disorders of motor function, mixed specific developmental disorders, and pervasive developmental disorders. Hyperkinetic disorders, conduct disorders, tic disorders, speech disorders, and habit disorders are also described briefly in this chapter. Effective treatment of these disorders involving a combination of drug therapy, behavior therapy, play therapy and family therapy will be ideal.