The objective of this chapter is to present discussion on microscopy and its use for direct examination of infected material. Microscope is an optical instrument used to magnify (enlarge) minute objects or microorganisms which cannot be seen by naked eye. Microscopes are of three types i.e. light microscope, electron microscope, and scanning probe microscope. Light microscopy refers to the use of any kind of microscope that uses visible light to observe specimens. An ordinary light microscope consists of different parts such as the stand, the optical system, the body, the stage, the substage and the mirror. A detailed description on focusing mechanism and methods of use of light microscope has been presented in this chapter. Important points to remember for proper caring of microscopes are also mentioned in this chapter.