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Chapter-05 Emergencies in Movement Disorders

BOOK TITLE: Practice Pearls in Neurology: Series 1

Author
1. Srinivasan AV
2. Kumar S Pratheep
ISBN
9789352701988
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14148_6
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, E-mail: avs19502000@yahoo.com, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University; Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Movement disorder, MD, Parkinson’s disease, PD, neruolgical disorder, movement disorder emergency, MDE, stiff-person syndrome, hyperkinetic disorder

Abstract

Movement disorders (MD) comprise disarrays characterized by involuntary movements and/or loss of control or efficiency in voluntary movement. Fahn and Frucht (2002) defined movement disorder emergency (MDE) as “any neurological disorder evolving acutely or subacutely, in which the clinical presentation is dominated by a primary movement disorder, and in which failure to accurately diagnose and manage the patient may result in significant morbidity or even mortality.” Based on this definition, MD emergencies are classified into six main divisions, which are Parkinson’s disease (PD), acute drug reaction syndromes, acute exacerbation of chronic movement disorders, stiff-person syndrome, lethal catatonia, and acute chorea and hemiballism-hemichorea. Stiff-person syndrome is a rare neruolgical disorder characterized by severe pain and spasms. Hemiballism is an uncommonly occurring hyperkinetic disorder, described by irregular, wide amplitude, vigorous involuntary movements of the limbs, principally due to involuntary movement of the proximal limb and neighboring axial muscles.

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