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Chapter-04 Routes of Administration and Bioavailability

BOOK TITLE: Use of Progestogens in Clinical Practice of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Author
1. Goel Neerja
2. Jain Sandhya
3. MV Anita
ISBN
9789352702183
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14146_5
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
4
Author Affiliations
1. University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, neerjagoel2002@yahoo.com, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
2. The University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, New Delhi, India, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital,Delhi, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, sumeet_singla@indiatimes.com, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Bioavailability, progesterone, blood progesterone, menstrual cycle, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, oral administration, intramuscular administration, vaginal administration, rectal administration

Abstract

This chapter describes routes of administration and bioavailability. In women, progesterone is produced from the ovaries and the adrenals, with the adrenals contributing a very minor fraction. The blood progesterone levels are relatively low during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, rise after ovulation, and are elevated during the luteal phase. Progesterone levels are relatively low in children and postmenopausal women. Adult males have levels similar to those in women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Blood progesterone levels can be 50 times above normal in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The different routes of administration for progesterone are orally, parenterally, intravaginally as a gel or insert and transdermal or subcutaneous.

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