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Chapter-54 Management of Medical Emergencies in Dentistry

BOOK TITLE: Manual for Dental Hygienist

Author
1. Awasthi Maj Gen PN
ISBN
9789352702282
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14199_55
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
4
Author Affiliations
1. Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps, Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, Maharashtra, India; Indian Army Dental Corps; Dental Council of India; Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Chapter keywords
Medical emergency, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, elective treatment, dental hygienist, dental treatment, syncope, hyperventilation

Abstract

A dental hygienist being an integral member of the dental profession must be conversant to deal or help the other team members in managing medical emergency that may occur during dental treatment procedures. Medical emergency mostly occur during injection of local anesthesia, primarily during tooth extraction and endodontic treatment. The most frequent emergencies are syncope and hyperventilation, thus the most important aspect of nearly all medical emergencies in the dental office is to prevent, correct insufficient oxygenation of the brain and heart. It is a routine practice that prior to any dental treatment, patient’s medical history of general health, medicine (if any) the patient is taking, history of drug allergy and experience of previous dental treatment is recorded in writing. Life-threatening diseases like very high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, myocardial infarction in the last 6 months, elective treatments is given under the supervision of the medical specialist. In a terminal sick patient having end renal, hepatic or terminal cancer, only emergency dental pain relieving treatment is given. When patient faints on the dental chair, immediately lower the head side of the chair and raise the legs and feet to improve the blood flow to the brain. Loose the tight clothing of the patient to improve his respiration process. When patient shows recovery, discontinue treatment and give subsequent appointment. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure is indicated in case of cardiac arrest which is a condition in which circulation ceases or stops and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.

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