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Chapter-18 Ocular Surface Reconstructions

BOOK TITLE: Gems of Ophthalmology—Cornea and Sclera

Author
1. Sinha Rajesh
2. Vanathi M
3. Ray Manotosh
4. Gupta Noopur
ISBN
9789352702480
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18039_19
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
38
Author Affiliations
1. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RP Center, New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medial Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institut
2. Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Clinical Ophthalmology, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. National University Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, National University Health System, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
4. AIIMS, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Ocular surface reconstruction, ocular surface transplantation, conjunctival transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation, non-amniotic substrate, bioengineered cornea

Abstract

Anatomically, the ocular surface comprises cornea, conjunctiva and the limbus. However, functionally ocular surface is a much bigger unit comprising both main and accessory lacrimal glands, ocular adnexa and tear film in addition to cornea, conjunctiva and limbus. The anatomical ocular surface is dependent on adjacent structures, such as the anterior lamellae of the lids, the lashes, and lacrimal system for normal function. The role of ocular surface is to maintain optical clarity of the cornea by regulating hydration and to protect the globe from toxic, infectious and mechanical trauma. Ocular surface is highly complex in its functionality that is maintained by an intricate homeostatic system. This chapter covers the ocular surface, evolution of ocular surface transplantation, conjunctival transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation, non-amniotic substrate, and bioengineered cornea. Corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is a process whereby corneal stem cells at the limbus (corneoscleral junction) are replaced surgically in order to regenerate the ocular surface and helps in restoration of vision.

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