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Chapter-22 Menopause and Diabetes Including Hormone Replacement Therapy

BOOK TITLE: Diabetes Mellitus Issues for the Indian Women

Author
1. Singh Surya K
2. Gupta Balram
3. Bhandari Shweta
ISBN
9789352702596
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18030_23
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
8
Author Affiliations
1. Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
2. Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chapter keywords
Menopause, diabetes, hormone replacement therapy, HRT, type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, postmenopausal hormone therapy, transdermal estrogen delivery

Abstract

This chapter discusses the relationship between diabetes mellitus in menopausal women with reference to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disease after the age of 30 years with rising prevalence in the advancing age. Consequently, chance of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher in the menopausal females. Both of these are main predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in women in Western world as well as in India. During the time of menopause, women experience vasomotor symptoms, vaginal dryness, and urinary incontinence very frequently. Managing menopausal women with diabetes is a clinical challenge. Many times symptoms of estrogen deficiency masquerade hypoglycemia and vice versa posing uncertainty of dose modification of antihyperglycemic agents in menopausal women. Use of HRT needs to be carefully and individually assessed with special consideration to type and route of administration. Nonestrogen-based treatment for menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis is an area that should be developed further.

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