This chapter describes the analysis of abnormal urine. The various abnormal biochemical constituents that may be present or seen in urine during pathological conditions are proteins, sugars, ketone bodies, bile salts and bile pigments, and blood. This chapter covers the tests for abnormal urinary constituents, identification of abnormal constituents present in urine, and qualitative analysis of unknown urine sample. Tests for abnormal urinary constituents are proteins in urine, sugar (glucose) in urine, ketone bodies in urine, bile salts in urine, tests for bile pigments in urine, test for urobilinogen, and test for blood in urine briefly explained.