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Chapter-02 Polymerase Chain Reaction in Intraocular Inflammation

BOOK TITLE: Gems of Ophthalmology—Diseases of Uvea

Author
1. Biswas Jyotirmay
2. Nandi Krishnendu
ISBN
9789352702725
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18038_3
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
1
Author Affiliations
1. Sankara Nethralaya, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Medical and Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road Chennai, India, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Shankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India, Sankara, Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sankara Nethralaya, A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Ind
2. Vitreo-retinal Service, Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Polymerase chain reaction, PCR, intraocular inflammation, DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase, real-time PCR, messenger RNA, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, VZV

Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool in molecular biology that allows the rapid production of analytic quantities of DNA from small amounts of starting material. Since the introduction of its modern form in 1988, PCR has revolutionized much of molecular biology and has greatly accelerated the development of molecular diagnostics. This powerful technique has numerous applications in diagnostic pathology, especially in the fields of microbiology and genetics. To diagnose uveitis, infectious endophthalmitis and protozoan eye diseases PCR has been used. This chapter describes the basic technique, application of PCR, and application of real-time and multiplex PCR in uveitis. The PCR is a technique involving enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid sequences in repeated cycles of denaturation, oligonucleotide annealing and DNA polymerase extension. It uses in vitro enzymatic synthesis to amplify specific DNA sequence within a few hours. The PCR consists of repetitive cycles of specific DNA synthesis, defined by short stretches of preselected DNA.

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