In some sense, all central problems of philosophy can be reduced to the question of what is a human being and what metaphysical place and position does he take up in the whole battle—the world and God. The anthropological question is in the center of interest of science and religion. This chapter covers the Judeo-Christian personalistic anthropology, tantric anthropology based on the chakra, reinterpretation of the chakras in the west, and the challenge of tantric anthropology for science and religion. The terms “persons” and “chakras” are impregnated with metaphysical meanings. Each of them is incorporated into their own philosophy, theology, soteriology, culture and ultimately medicine. These are two different anthropologies supported by different and mutually autonomous (and opposing) paradigms. Both anthropologies are philosophically-theologically interpreted with applications to all religious-sociocultural areas.