This chapter focuses on the Orthodox Church and Scientific Issues. Those who deal in a systematic way with the relationships between the sciences and religion frequently encounter a typology of three categories within these relations: confrontational, harmonious, and asymptotic. According to the first, scientific research is, by its very nature opposed to religion and inevitably clashes with it. In the second case, science and religion work in tandem, complementing and reinforcing each other. The third version has it that they are two areas which are incompatible with each other and examine entirely different and nonintersecting fields. It is true that, in traditional societies, there was no systematic confrontation. In Orthodox circles one encounters a complex paradox. In the first place there is suspicion toward modern scientific thought as being the product of alien, Western culture and as vehicle for a hidden agenda aimed at shackling religious institutions and undermining national identity.