Diabetic retinopathy occurs due to changes in the retina due to elevated blood sugars over a period of time. Initially nonproliferative changes set in and gradually progress to proliferative stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) which is characterized by new vessels at the disc or elsewhere eventually leading to serious vision threatening complications such as traction and combined retinal detachment and anterior segment neovascularization, if left untreated. Presence of new vessels is a hallmark of PDR which can be usually seen at the interface of perfused and nonperfused retina and depending on their location they are described as new vessels elsewhere (NVE) or new vessels on the disc. Various multicenter trials have given clear guidelines for the management of PDR. Good metabolic control, regular examinations, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with laser photocoagulation in eyes with high-risk PDR can minimize the risk of visual loss.